Domestic Diversions

The presumption of legitimacy

The Michigan Supreme Court issued In re KH (Case No. 122666; April 14, 2004) concerning the rights biological fathers may have to request paternity determinations in child protective proceedings.

Young writes (excerpt):
We granted leave to appeal in this case to determine whether our court rules, MCR 5.900 et seq., allow a biological father to request a paternity determination during a child protective proceeding in which the subject children have a legal father. We hold that our court rules do not permit a biological father to participate in a child protective proceeding where a legal father exists. Indeed, where a legal father exists, a biological father cannot properly be considered even a putative father.

Under Michigan law, a presumption of legitimacy attaches to a child born or conceived during an intact marriage. Unless and until the presumption of legitimacy is rebutted in a prior proceeding, an alleged biological father cannot seek a determination that he is the natural father of the child pursuant to MCR 5.921(D), and cannot establish a legal paternal relationship in accordance with MCR 5.903(A)(4). The Family Independence Agency erred by naming multiple men in the termination petition where a legal father existed.

In this case, the alleged biological father was not a proper party to the proceedings and could not request a determination that he was the biological father of the children because the children already had a legal father at the time of the proceedings. However, the record contains evidence that could support a finding that both the mother and the legal father, during the course of the proceedings, rebutted the presumption that the children were the issue of the marriage. The trial court did not make a finding that the presumption of legitimacy was rebutted by the parents. Accordingly, this case is remanded to the trial court for such a determination. If the court finds that the presumption of legitimacy was rebutted by the parents by clear and convincing evidence that the children are not the issue of the marriage, the court may take further action in accordance with MCR 5.921(D).

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